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The irruption of AI causes war in the world of illustration: “It is an improvement of plagiarism, we have no word for it” | Technology

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August 23, 2022
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The irruption of AI causes war in the world of illustration: “It is an improvement of plagiarism, we have no word for it” |  Technology

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The irruption of AI causes war in the world of illustration: “It is an improvement of plagiarism, we have no word for it” | Technology
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the american magazine Atlantic published a nondescript article with an illustration on August 9. But something caught the attention of a handful of readers: under the drawing, in the credit, it said “AI art by Midjourney” [arte hecho por inteligencia artificial con Midjourney]. Midjourney is one of the recent platforms that allows you to create an illustration using artificial intelligence (AI) from a phrase: “Alex Jones inside an American office under fluorescent lights”, it was for example that of the Atlantic article, about a famous broadcaster conservative.

What is going to happen in the world of illustration is sad. We artists have no political power, they are simply going to gobble up our work.

– Jon Juarez (@harriorrihar) August 10, 2022

Atlantic is a magazine founded in 1857 and is still influential and famous. Did that drawing mean that his illustration budget was going to be reduced to entrust to a machine a work that had been artistic and human until now? The controversy went viral. So viral that the author wrote another article a week later: “I went viral in a bad way.” There he explained that it had been his own decision because he had amused him, he apologized and that he would not do it anymore.

The journalist in the text quoted an illustrator who summarized the controversy and the nerves caused by these tools: “Technology is increasingly developed to replace temporary jobs and enrich billionaires. AI art is part of that. For IT people it’s great, but for illustrators it’s like you’re eliminating the need to hire them.”

“In Dall-E they have used an image of me subject to copyright without my consent”

Jon Juarez, illustrator

The illustration is just one more stage in the progressive conquest of the AI ​​of purely human sectors. There are already computer-written articles, picture-perfect photographs, now illustrations, and in the future there will be videos. The labor, economic and human implications of this process cause well-founded fears.

The Navarrese illustrator Jon Juárez made one of the viral tweets about the article in the Atlantic. “It is sad what is going to happen in the world of illustration. We artists have no political power, they are just going to gobble up our work,” he wrote in one. However, he does not see it as something new: he knew that something like this would come “since I saw a landscape completely generated by an AI in the Zarautz photography museum (Guipuzcoa) in 2006 ″, he explains to EL PAÍS in several emails.

For Juárez and many others, an essential problem with these tools is how they have fed on their work and that of thousands of others. To know what to draw these tools gobble up millions of images. In your case, it is not something hypothetical. The Dall-E database was created by the non-profit company Open AI, co-founded in 2015 by Elon Musk. There is at least one drawing of Juárez there.

“In Dall-E they have used an image of me subject to copyright without my consent,” explains Juárez. “It’s already inside the system, the program can use it to mimic my style and the damage is irreparable. We can’t call it plagiarism because what it does is more sophisticated, it’s a refinement of plagiarism, we don’t have a word for it either, I call it mimicrAI [del inglés mimicry, “mimetismo”). Pero las bases de datos son opacas, y el programa lo hará cada vez de forma más sutil, porque mejora. El perfeccionamiento técnico va a ser exponencial, pronto el origen en la base de datos será imposible de rastrear”, añade.

Me parece bien que yo no pueda llamar plagio a esto porque honestamente no lo es. Es otra cosa que tiene la ventaja de no estar legislada. Lo que tampoco me parece bien es que lo llaméis inspiración, o aprendizaje, porque tampoco lo es. https://t.co/PMRY6z7ceR

— Jon Juarez (@harriorrihar) July 27, 2022

La sofisticación legal de estos debates es finísima. La inteligencia artificial no reproduce píxel a píxel la obra del artista: no es una foto perfecta del dibujo. Se inspira en él: la máquina responde cada vez con imágenes distintas a la misma petición. Es obvio que se parece mucho y recuerda claramente a la obra original, ¿pero es ilegal? El profesor de Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de Sussex Andrés Guadamuz no lo ve así: “Los estilos no pueden ser protegidos por derecho de autor”, dice a EL PAÍS. Si un artista europeo quiere que sus obras no se incluyan en esas bases de datos de IA puede exigirlo según una directriz de la UE, pero poco más. “Muy pocos artistas modernos tienen un estilo fácil de reconocer, tal vez Banksy, Basquiat, Warhol”, añade

Guadamuz ha explicado su postura en un post y en Twitter, pero no ha logrado mucho: “Me ha llegado mi primera amenaza de muerte”, escribió. Es un ejemplo del tono del debate. Ninguna de las personas consultadas por EL PAÍS sobre este asunto niega que sea disruptiva la irrupción de Midjourney, Dall-E u otras competidoras como Stable Diffusion: “Me preocupa que estamos cambiando la relación entre artistas y medios de monetizar. Esto va a tener el efecto del P2P en la música”, dice Guadamuz.

La ilustración que encabeza este artículo es una muestra hecha también con Midjourney. La petición fue “diseñador frustrado temeroso del futuro debido a la IA frente a una computadora”. El director de arte de EL PAÍS, Diego Areso, probó otras opciones: “Un hombre que está dibujando con un lápiz y tiene una computadora portátil en lugar de una cabeza, fotorrealista” o “un hombre con un ordenador en lugar de cabeza, óleo sobre tela”, donde salió esto con Dall-E:

"Un hombre con un ordenador en lugar de cabeza, óleo sobre lienzo", según el programa de IA Dall-E.
“Un hombre con un ordenador en lugar de cabeza, óleo sobre lienzo”, según el programa de IA Dall-E.

Las peticiones pueden ser una pequeña poesía por sí mismas e incluso podrían llegar a estar sujetas a copyright, según el profesor Guadamuz. Por ejemplo, esta petición larguísima sacada del canal público de Midjourney en Discord, una app de mensajería: “un majestuoso salón del trono, en el amanecer de los tiempos, pintura de vidrio, sobreglaseado, adorno, lapso de tiempo, fotoperiodismo, gran angular, perspectiva, doble exposición, luz, tonos de negro en fondo, Ultra-HD, super-resolución, escala masiva, perfeccionismo, iluminación suave, iluminación global de trazado de rayos, luminiscencia translúcida, cristalino, reflejos de lumen, de forma simbólica y significativa, simétrico”. Una variación en esas palabras daría resultados distintos.

Más allá de esta prueba, Areso no descarta usar en el futuro este tipo de herramientas en EL PAÍS. “Es una etapa muy inicial. Me parece una herramienta increíble pero no tengo claro hasta qué punto devalúa el producto. Es como usar ilustraciones de stock: apañan, pero el valor editorial es cero. Mi apuesta es que algunas ocasiones valoraremos tener ideas nuevas de un ilustrador creativo y en otras los medios tirarán por una ilustración barata hecha en 10 minutos”, dice.

“Todos haremos ilustraciones, pero van a tener un tufillo parecido y los ilustradores que sigan haciendo cosas propias y distintas, destacarán”

Diero Areso, director de arte de EL PAÍS

Los medios de comunicación serán, como se ha visto con el Atlantic, un pequeño campo de batalla. Quizá no el principal, como explica Juárez, que ha dibujado para proyectos de empresas como HBO, Netflix, Square Enix y Microsoft: “Los artistas que trabajen en producciones audiovisuales o en videojuegos tendrán que buscar alternativas socioculturales, porque son el principal objetivo de estas inteligencias artificiales”, dice. “A diferencia de los ilustradores de editorial y prensa, en este mercado los sueldos son altos, y los trabajadores son insuficientes”.

Pero también hay quien ve oportunidades aún inauditas. Brin Paulsen es un escritor australiano que está creando con Midjourney una novela gráfica sin saber dibujar. “Yo me veo como escritor, pero lo que Midjourney me permite es crear visualmente un mundo que solo existe en la página o en mi cabeza”, dice por Discord desde Australia. “Los profesionales creativos ahora tienen la capacidad de generar imágenes. Abre un enorme potencial en muchas áreas creativas: narración de historias, juegos, experiencias interactivas, entornos de aprendizaje”, añade.

Es solo un ejemplo. Esa capacidad casi gratis que tiene ahora Paulsen parece una injusticia para quien, como decía un dibujante en Twitter, “lleva 20 años estudiando cultura visual, una educación universitaria, 13 años de experiencia en la industria y que ahora sea reemplazado por una barra de búsqueda de Google”.

A nadie se le escapa este hecho. La usuaria estadounidense Girl from Outer Space, que prefiere usar solo su apodo de Discord, donde muestra sus diseños, explica que puede “entender un poco por qué [los ilustradores] they are upset, but being a real experienced designer is even better, an AI will never really get what you have in mind. Just create a variation of your idea that looks just as cool,” he says.

That difference will continue to be vital, according to Areso, art director of EL PAÍS, which reminds him of another era: “Instagram filters hit it. We all considered ourselves photographers but after a few years of taking photos with a mobile phone, the work of a good photographer is still valued. The important thing is not the tool but your eye. Something similar will happen in the world of illustration: we will all do illustrations, but they will have a similar whiff and the illustrators who continue to do their own and different things will stand out”, he says.

It is the tone of many of those consulted: it is inevitable and can be used. “This is the future,” says Sean Baker, an amateur designer from Nashville, USA. “We will have to work together with AI one day, and this is the beginning in art.” But Jon Juárez does not see it so clearly: “Many authors see a great advantage in this, because this collection process offers the possibility of manipulating low-cost and falsely copyright-free solutions. But it is a short-term vision driven by the rhythms of production and the need to get ahead. These platforms are washing machines of intellectual property,” he says.

Juárez himself offers a current vision of his pessimistic future: “Now I am working on a Microsoft project, and I saw on the internet a result of Midjourney that was similar to what I was trying to do, only that its result was better resolved than the Own. If I were the director of the production and had to choose one of the two images, I would not choose mine,” he says.

The future that Juárez sees is completely automated, which will offer the complete content that each user likes, without human intervention: “My vision of the future is an AI that creates content based on user iteration without intermediaries,” he says. Australian writer Paulsen sees a similar option: “I can see a future where ‘choose your own adventure’ stories return with AI-generated words and images, all specific to the person taking part at the time.”

In fact, if the metaverse ever comes into existence, it will be in the hands of these machines, because without them it will be impossible to create: “The metaverse is not possible on a human labor scale. If the promised metaverse arrives, it will be thanks to artificial intelligence,” says Juárez.

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Source: elpais.com

Tags: illustrationimprovementirruptionplagiarismTechnologywarWordworld
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