• Advertising
  • Disclaimer
  • Copy Right
  • Contact us
  • About us
WTM News
Web Hosting and Linux/Windows VPS in USA, UK and Germany
  • Home
  • entertainment
    • All
    • games
    • movies
    • music
    • sports
    '1899': The creators assure that they are already working on the next seasons and a possible ending

    ‘1899’: The creators assure that they are already working on the next seasons and a possible ending

    Las películas españolas que más esperamos en 2023

    Las películas españolas que más esperamos en 2023

    From 'Appointment in St. Louis' to 'Fifteen Days of Pleasure': 10 Great Christmas Musicals in Film History

    From ‘Appointment in St. Louis’ to ‘Fifteen Days of Pleasure’: 10 Great Christmas Musicals in Film History

    'Dreamland' review, by Jason Momoa on Netflix

    ‘Dreamland’ review, by Jason Momoa on Netflix

    Review, 'Kings vs. Santa': Family Christmas spirit with a thug twist

    Review, ‘Kings vs. Santa’: Family Christmas spirit with a thug twist

    release date, cast, synopsis

    release date, cast, synopsis

  • business
    • All
    • startups
    How to Buy Cryptocurrency

    How to Buy Cryptocurrency

    The first retail site in the Middle East

    The first retail site in the Middle East!

    Submit your projects to duty cope professional freelancers!

    Submit your projects to duty cope professional freelancers!

    bitumen 60/70

    Iran Bitumen

    Study Smart: Tips and Tricks to Ace the GED Test

    Study Smart: Tips and Tricks to Ace the GED Test

    Things to Remember When Taking the GED Math Test

    Things to Remember When Taking the GED Math Test

    DutyCope is the newest freelance platform

    Dutycope is the newest freelance platform

    What plans does NASA have to continue working with Russia?

    What plans does NASA have to continue working with Russia?

    Dutycope, the introduction of one of the best freelance sites

    Dutycope, the introduction of one of the best freelance sites

  • Technology
    • All
    • apps
    • gadget
    • mobile
    profesiones tecnológicas tecnología circular

    Circular technology: this is how it will evolve

    Elon Musk's biographer: "For him, chaos is standard operating procedure" |  Technology

    Elon Musk’s biographer: “For him, chaos is standard operating procedure” | Technology

    Roberto Lopez Familia Martínez

    Interview with Roberto López, Corporate CTO Familia Martínez

    Cloudera Data Platform One

    Cloudera Data Platform One, accessible data analytics

    Cloud services to solve complex IT problems

    SAP deploys the first public cloud project at Cepsa

    appian world data fabric

    Appian joins the Low-Code Data Fabric

    Trending Tags

  • lifestyle
    • All
    • foods
    • health
    • travel
    Body Contouring

    Common Types of Body Contouring Methods

    Cyruscrafts decorative handicrafts

    Iranian Decorative Handicrafts

    3 Days in Dubai – Where to Visit in Dubai

    3 Days in Dubai – Where to Visit in Dubai

    Ata Ghotbi and the road to success

    Ata Ghoutbi and the Road to Success

    5 ways to open frozen pipes without damaging the pipe

    5 ways to open frozen pipes without damaging the pipe

    Why is it better not to use toilet paper?

    Why is it better not to use toilet paper?

    Trending Tags

  • Review
    Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

    Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

    Introduction of Solar Ash game

    Introducing and reviewing the interesting game Solar Ash

    Review Huawei WATCH FIT smartwatch

    Review Huawei WATCH FIT smartwatch

  • Videos
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • entertainment
    • All
    • games
    • movies
    • music
    • sports
    '1899': The creators assure that they are already working on the next seasons and a possible ending

    ‘1899’: The creators assure that they are already working on the next seasons and a possible ending

    Las películas españolas que más esperamos en 2023

    Las películas españolas que más esperamos en 2023

    From 'Appointment in St. Louis' to 'Fifteen Days of Pleasure': 10 Great Christmas Musicals in Film History

    From ‘Appointment in St. Louis’ to ‘Fifteen Days of Pleasure’: 10 Great Christmas Musicals in Film History

    'Dreamland' review, by Jason Momoa on Netflix

    ‘Dreamland’ review, by Jason Momoa on Netflix

    Review, 'Kings vs. Santa': Family Christmas spirit with a thug twist

    Review, ‘Kings vs. Santa’: Family Christmas spirit with a thug twist

    release date, cast, synopsis

    release date, cast, synopsis

  • business
    • All
    • startups
    How to Buy Cryptocurrency

    How to Buy Cryptocurrency

    The first retail site in the Middle East

    The first retail site in the Middle East!

    Submit your projects to duty cope professional freelancers!

    Submit your projects to duty cope professional freelancers!

    bitumen 60/70

    Iran Bitumen

    Study Smart: Tips and Tricks to Ace the GED Test

    Study Smart: Tips and Tricks to Ace the GED Test

    Things to Remember When Taking the GED Math Test

    Things to Remember When Taking the GED Math Test

    DutyCope is the newest freelance platform

    Dutycope is the newest freelance platform

    What plans does NASA have to continue working with Russia?

    What plans does NASA have to continue working with Russia?

    Dutycope, the introduction of one of the best freelance sites

    Dutycope, the introduction of one of the best freelance sites

  • Technology
    • All
    • apps
    • gadget
    • mobile
    profesiones tecnológicas tecnología circular

    Circular technology: this is how it will evolve

    Elon Musk's biographer: "For him, chaos is standard operating procedure" |  Technology

    Elon Musk’s biographer: “For him, chaos is standard operating procedure” | Technology

    Roberto Lopez Familia Martínez

    Interview with Roberto López, Corporate CTO Familia Martínez

    Cloudera Data Platform One

    Cloudera Data Platform One, accessible data analytics

    Cloud services to solve complex IT problems

    SAP deploys the first public cloud project at Cepsa

    appian world data fabric

    Appian joins the Low-Code Data Fabric

    Trending Tags

  • lifestyle
    • All
    • foods
    • health
    • travel
    Body Contouring

    Common Types of Body Contouring Methods

    Cyruscrafts decorative handicrafts

    Iranian Decorative Handicrafts

    3 Days in Dubai – Where to Visit in Dubai

    3 Days in Dubai – Where to Visit in Dubai

    Ata Ghotbi and the road to success

    Ata Ghoutbi and the Road to Success

    5 ways to open frozen pipes without damaging the pipe

    5 ways to open frozen pipes without damaging the pipe

    Why is it better not to use toilet paper?

    Why is it better not to use toilet paper?

    Trending Tags

  • Review
    Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

    Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

    Introduction of Solar Ash game

    Introducing and reviewing the interesting game Solar Ash

    Review Huawei WATCH FIT smartwatch

    Review Huawei WATCH FIT smartwatch

  • Videos
No Result
View All Result
WTM News
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • entertainment
  • business
  • Technology
  • lifestyle
  • Review
  • Videos
Home Technology

Concerts: The ticket counterfeiters | Technology

News writer by News writer
August 5, 2022
in Technology
7 0
A A
0
Concerts: The ticket counterfeiters |  Technology

Concerts The ticket counterfeiters Technology

153
SHARES
235
VIEWS
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

Concerts: The ticket counterfeiters | Technology
is the headline of the news that the author of WTM News has collected this article. Stay tuned to WTM News to stay up to date with the latest news on this topic. We ask you to follow us on social networks.

-Charles, Charles! Wait a minute! – Paula shouted through the window of the first floor of the institute – Notice: we are going to the SUPERSTAR concert.

Carlos looked at Paula skeptically.

―Paula, sorry, the concert was cancelled. Some duplicate tickets, or they exceeded the capacity… I don’t know.

“Exactly!” Paula shouted. It has been postponed until next week. And in the Technology Classroom they have launched a contest. You have to answer three questions and the prize is two tickets!

Carlos loved SUPERSTAR, so he sat patiently while Paula excitedly unleashed a torrent of information.

―The concert was suspended because they had several problems with ticket validation. You see, each input has a number, and to validate them faster, that number was summarized through a transformation called a function hashes or summary function. At the gate of the stadium they had a reader who compared the summary of each entry with the list of valid summaries, to authorize or not the passage.

More information

“I’m starting to get lazy…” Carlos protested. “What is this summary function?”

Paula went on relentlessly. ―A hash function is a mathematical function that takes a value, say a string of numbers of any length, such as the number of an input, and returns a hash, that is, a short sequence of numbers. This process is irreversible, that is, if they give you the summary you cannot go back and recover the starting sequence. On the other hand, with the same input, the function always returns the same output. Paula painted two circles with dots and arrows on the ground of the ride, representing what she was explaining.

These summaries are used for many things. For example, to detect and correct errors when transcribing a large number; that is precisely the role of the letter of our DNI, which is a summary of the digits that precede it. They also serve to detect if someone adds a virus to a program that you download from the Internet: you can check if the summary of the code that you have downloaded matches the one published on the website of the person who offers you the program. If not, someone has modified the file while it was traveling over the network.

“And that’s not good…” Carlos interrupted.

-Nope. Bad signal. Other times, the summaries are used to, for example, speed up processes, imagine that instead of calling us at the institute using our entire enrollment number, they used only the last two digits.

“Well, what a mess they would make,” Carlos jumped in, “because I’m sure there are several of us who have those two digits the same.”

“That’s right!” Paula said, “If the summary function is bad, there are coincidences, which are called collisions, and they shouldn’t be used… that’s exactly what happened to those at the concert!” I’ll explain it to you, it’s quite simple. Each entry had an identifying number, the summary of which was determined using the CUTREHASH function, which divides the original number by 1,024 and takes the remainder of that division as the summary.

“And why just 1,024?”

“Ummm. That is not relevant to solving the problem, but it will be of interest to those who remember binary sequences. As validating the inputs has to be fast, both numbers are represented in binary (with ones and zeros), so that they can be easily read with an optical reader. Since 1,024 is 2 raised to 10, we ensure that the summary number can be represented with at most 10 figures (10 bits).

“I don’t see the problem,” said Carlos, “they had everything very well thought out.”

―Well… not quite… —Paula smiled— to begin with, the capacity of the stadium was 10,900 people, so the correct starting identifiers should be numbers between 1 and 10,900. But with the chosen formula there are far fewer summaries than numbers of entries, so there couldn’t be a different summary for each identifier! Do you remember the Pigeonhole Principle that we saw in class? If you have more pigeons than lofts, some have to share a bed…and that’s exactly what happened to them. At one point, people began to arrive with valid tickets and summaries that had already been validated by the door reader, thereby denying them access.

“My goodness, what a disaster,” Carlos seemed worried, “and did it take them long to realize it?”

“Not really, Carlos, think about it… That’s the first quiz question.. How many people at most and at least had entered the stadium when the first person with a repeated summary arrived?

– Come on, I think about it. But, if it didn’t take them that long to realize it, they could have held the concert a little later, right?

“They tried to do it. Verifying that using only the summary was a bad method, they decided to validate the inputs in another way, checking two things: that the identifier had not been used before and that its summary was correctly calculated (thus using the hashes to correct possible printing errors). But it didn’t work either. Some crooks, aware of the defective validation system, had falsified thousands of entries with their corresponding summaries, from the one with the identifier 10,901, to the one numbered 99,999. And they only realized that when the attendees clearly overflowed the capacity!

And now come the rest of the challenge questions. The second It’s easy: Could you find the number of a valid entry whose summary gives the same value as the entry with identifier 4,410? Y third, more complicated: How many valid tickets and how many in total, counting the forged ones, did they have that 4,410 as a summary? We have to hurry, the prize is two good tickets!

“Well, let’s go!” Now Carlos was convinced. “We’re going to go to the SUPER STAR fixed concert!”

Crypto challenges will be published every 15 days. Readers can leave their solutions and discuss the problem in the comments on this page, so anyone who wants to solve it on their own is advised not to read it until they have cracked the puzzle. You can also email your responses [email protected]. In each new challenge we will publish the solution of the previous one, accompanied by a comment with some original or inspiring ideas that we have received.

Ana Isabel Gonzalez Tablas Ferreres@aigtf, is a Doctor in Computer Science and professor and researcher of the COSEC group of the Carlos III University of Madrid.

SOLUTION TO THE PREVIOUS CHALLENGE

in the challenge How to fool a sudoku checker, the essential thing in this challenge is to observe the following: if three equal tiles are stacked in each cell, as long as the sudoku is not well solved, the verifier will always detect the problem. The only possibility to fool the verifier is therefore to stack tiles with different numbers.

The proposed sudoku is completed like this:

Therefore, if we knew that the verifier checks first by rows, then by columns and lastly by boxes, one of the many ways to trick it would be:

Where we suppose the chips are stacked and to the left appears the number of the first (lower) chip, in the middle that of the second and to the right that of the upper layer. We have placed three identical tiles in the fixed cells, since they are face up, while with the tiles face down, we have limited ourselves to placing, correlatively, the lowest available tiles, first by rows, then by columns and finally by boxes ( left to right and top to bottom). Some readers (such as Javier and Héctor) have pointed out to us that since there are three checks (rows, columns and boxes) that will be done sequentially and seeing that it is trivial to fill in the sudoku so that there are no repetitions in each of them, the probability of providing a solution that the verifier considers valid when we only have proposals that pass a test (the one with rows, the one with columns and the one with boxes) coincides with the probability of getting the order in which the verification will be done right. This probability is 1/6 (one divided by the number of permutations of three elements).

The cryptographic tool that underlies this challenge are the so-called Zero Knowledge Proofs, known by the acronym ZKP (Zero Knowledge Proof), which were introduced in 1985 by Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali and Charles Rackoff (see The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof-Systems). Informally, a Zero Knowledge Proof is a procedure through which a “prover” convinces a “verifier” of a fact without revealing more information than the truth of said fact. These types of protocols are tremendously useful in cryptography, since, for example, they allow the possession of secret keys to be demonstrated (thus identifying the users of a system) without leaking information about them. Currently, research on ZKPs is booming due to the expansion of cryptocurrencies. In this context, the ZKPs are essential to validate transactions in order to avoid fraud without revealing the movements of an account, thus protecting the privacy of system users.

Our Sudoku example is inspired by Gradwohl, Naor, Pikas and Rothblum (2007), where, in addition to proposing and reviewing other ZKPs for Sudoku solving, the authors analyze in detail a variation of the proposed method in which the verifier randomly selects a tab of each box each time that cell is involved in the check by rows, columns or boxes. With this verification protocol, which appears in the solution proposed by a reader (David), it can be shown that the probability of fooling a checker with a wrong solution it cannot be greater than 1/9.

You can follow THE COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY in Facebook Y Twitter or sign up here to receive our weekly newsletter.

Source: elpais.com

Tags: ConcertscounterfeitersTechnologyTicket
Previous Post

The US justice charges four agents for the “excessive use of force” that killed Breonna Taylor | International

Next Post

Jihadists choke the Sahel and threaten to attack the capitals of Mali and Burkina Faso | International

News writer

News writer

I try to find the best news for you and publish it on WTM News. Follow my articles to become an up-to-date person!

Related Posts

profesiones tecnológicas tecnología circular
Technology

Circular technology: this is how it will evolve

November 23, 2022
Elon Musk's biographer: "For him, chaos is standard operating procedure" |  Technology
Technology

Elon Musk’s biographer: “For him, chaos is standard operating procedure” | Technology

November 23, 2022
Roberto Lopez Familia Martínez
Technology

Interview with Roberto López, Corporate CTO Familia Martínez

November 23, 2022
Cloudera Data Platform One
Technology

Cloudera Data Platform One, accessible data analytics

November 22, 2022
Cloud services to solve complex IT problems
Technology

SAP deploys the first public cloud project at Cepsa

November 22, 2022
appian world data fabric
Technology

Appian joins the Low-Code Data Fabric

November 22, 2022
Next Post
Jihadists choke the Sahel and threaten to attack the capitals of Mali and Burkina Faso |  International

Jihadists choke the Sahel and threaten to attack the capitals of Mali and Burkina Faso | International

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

  • Trending
  • Comments
  • Latest
Tesla's new update notifies the driver of tire wear

Tesla’s new update notifies the driver of tire wear

December 16, 2021
'Stranger Things': Jamie Campbell Bower opens up about her secret role for the first time

‘Stranger Things’: Jamie Campbell Bower opens up about her secret role for the first time

May 31, 2022
Time Magazine introduced Elon Musk as the character of 2021!

Time Magazine introduced Elon Musk as the character of 2021!

July 24, 2021
Introduction of Solar Ash game

Introducing and reviewing the interesting game Solar Ash

July 25, 2021
Introduction of Solar Ash game

Introducing and reviewing the interesting game Solar Ash

0
Added the ability to check voice messages before sending to WhatsApp!

Added the ability to check voice messages before sending to WhatsApp!

0
Time Magazine introduced Elon Musk as the character of 2021!

Time Magazine introduced Elon Musk as the character of 2021!

0
Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

0
At least one dead and 19 injured by two explosions at bus stops in Jerusalem |  International

At least one dead and 19 injured by two explosions at bus stops in Jerusalem | International

November 23, 2022
profesiones tecnológicas tecnología circular

Circular technology: this is how it will evolve

November 23, 2022
Elon Musk's biographer: "For him, chaos is standard operating procedure" |  Technology

Elon Musk’s biographer: “For him, chaos is standard operating procedure” | Technology

November 23, 2022
Li Qiang, Xi Jinping's loyal lieutenant |  International

Li Qiang, Xi Jinping’s loyal lieutenant | International

November 23, 2022

Latest News

At least one dead and 19 injured by two explosions at bus stops in Jerusalem |  International

At least one dead and 19 injured by two explosions at bus stops in Jerusalem | International

November 23, 2022
profesiones tecnológicas tecnología circular

Circular technology: this is how it will evolve

November 23, 2022
Elon Musk's biographer: "For him, chaos is standard operating procedure" |  Technology

Elon Musk’s biographer: “For him, chaos is standard operating procedure” | Technology

November 23, 2022
Li Qiang, Xi Jinping's loyal lieutenant |  International

Li Qiang, Xi Jinping’s loyal lieutenant | International

November 23, 2022

Suggest application sites

Weltnachrichten

Nachrichten Star

Dutycope

Freelance sites

Bitrogen

News Pro

Arabic news

Buy sponsor post

WTM News

WTM News is a smart magazine that collects new and important technology news of the world for you from all over the web.
Our goal is to compile the best news so that you can more easily get the latest technology news in the world.

Follow us

News Categories

  • apps
  • business
  • entertainment
  • Environment
  • foods
  • gadget
  • games
  • health
  • lifestyle
  • mobile
  • movies
  • music
  • News
  • Other
  • Review
  • science
  • sports
  • startups
  • Technology
  • travel
  • Videos

Freelancer | Logo design | Hervess | Nachrichten Star | News Pro | Arabic news

Buy sponsor post

latest news

Review of the first part of the fifth season of the Money Heist series

The fifth season of Money Heist series

The points given are based solely on the personal taste of
Introduction of Solar Ash game

Solar Ash game

Score against the average score of this game on the site

WTM NEWS Magazine is just a portal for republishing news in various fields. All news will be placed on the site by mentioning the source. WTM NEWS has no legal responsibility for the accuracy of the news and articles and only reposts the news. © 2022 WTM NEWS

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • entertainment
  • business
  • Technology
  • lifestyle
  • Review
  • Videos

WTM NEWS Magazine is just a portal for republishing news in various fields. All news will be placed on the site by mentioning the source. WTM NEWS has no legal responsibility for the accuracy of the news and articles and only reposts the news. © 2022 WTM NEWS

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In

Add New Playlist